Semhando yemanoodles, manoodles matsva uye akanyorova ane hunhu hweruvara rutsva uye rwakapfava, kuravira kwakapfava, kusimba, kuravira kwakasimba, kudya kunovaka muviri uye hutano, uye kudya kuri nyore uye kwakachena. Kana tichienzanisa nemanoodles akaomeswa, manoodles matsva uye akanyorova ane mabhenefiti ekutsva, kuravira kwakanaka, uye mutengo wakaderera wekugadzira [1]. Agara achifarirwa nevanhu nguva dzese, uye mhando dzawo dziri kuramba dzichiwedzera. Zvisinei, nguva yekuchengetedza kunaka uye kuravira kwemanoodles matsva echinyakare anowanzo kuve pfupi. Maitiro ekuvandudza kutapira kwemanoodles matsva asina kukanganisa hupenyu hwesherufu ichiri dambudziko.
Mhedzisiro yeTekinoroji Yekugadzirisa Pakuoma KwemaNoodles Matsva Akanyorova
Tekinoroji yechinyakare yekugadzirisa manoodles matsva akanyorova inowanzo sanganisira kugadzira zvinhu zvisina kubikwa uye zvekubatsira, kusanganisa mukanyiwa, kugadzira makalendari akabatanidzwa, kugadzirisa tembiricha nehunyoro nguva dzose (kuibva), kugadzira makalendari nguva dzose, kucheka zvidimbu, kuomesa mhepo, kubvisa utachiona (sekuvhiya ultraviolet), kurongedza [2] nedzimwe nzira.
1、 Mhedzisiro yeKusanganisa Manoodles paKuoma kweManoodles Matsva neAkanyorova
Kusanganisa manoodles chinhu chakakosha mukugadzirwa kwemanoodles matsva akanyorova, uye zvinhu zvakaita senzira, nguva uye kumhanya kwekusanganisa mukanyiwa zvinosarudza mwero wekupararira kwemukanyiwa [3]. Hunhu hwekuita kwekusanganisa mukanyiwa hunokanganisa zvakananga kunaka kwekuita kunotevera uye chigadzirwa chekupedzisira [2]. Midziyo mikuru muchina wekusanganisa mukanyiwa.
Muchina wekusanganisa hupfu hwevacuum wakagadzirwa zvakanaka mumakore achangopfuura. Nekuti kumanikidzwa kwevacuum kunochengetwa mumuchina wekusanganisa hupfu, kupisa hupfu hakubvumirwi. Panguva imwe chete, mvura yemunyu inopfapfaidzwa muchimiro chemhute pasi pekumanikidzwa kusina kunaka, uye mvura yemunyu nehupfu zvinosanganiswa zvakakwana uye zvakaenzana. Mapuroteni ari muhupfu anogona kunwisa mvura zvizere munguva pfupi. Huwandu hwemvura inowedzerwa hunogona kusvika ku46% kana kupfuura, zvichigadzira network yakanakisa yegluten, zvichiita kuti manoodles ave nyore kupfava [2].
Li Man nevamwe vake [4] vakaita zvimwe zviedzo pakusanganisa vacuum, vachinyanya kudzidza nezvemhedzisiro ye vacuum nepamusoro pezvinhu zvemuviri uye zvemakemikari, chimiro chidiki uye hunyoro hwemanoodles matsva akanyorova. Zvakabuda zvakaratidza kuti nekuwedzera kwevacuum, hunhu hwemanoodles matsva akanyorova hwakavandudzika zvakanyanya (P>0.05), asi vacuum payakanga iri 0.08 MPa, hunhu hwemanoodles matsva akanyorova hwakanga husina kunaka. Vacuum payakanga iri 0.06 MPa, manoodles matsva akanyorova akaratidza hunhu hwakanaka hwematexture.
Pamusoro pezvo, mhedzisiro yekuongorora maikorosikopu emagetsi yakaratidza kuti vacuum nenoodles zvakakonzera chimiro chakasimba uye chinoramba chiripo chenoodles nyowani dzakanyorova. Zviri pachena kuti tsvakiridzo yavo inoratidza kuti kusanganisa vacuum kunovandudza kuomarara kwemanoodles matsva akanyorova kusvika pamwero wakati, nokudaro zvichivandudza kunamira nekutsenga kwemanoodles matsva akanyorova.
Mhedzisiro yeMafomula Akasiyana Pakuoma KwemaNoodles Matsva Akanyorova
1、 Mhedzisiro yeZvimwe Zvekudya Pakutsenga kweManoodles Matsva Akanyorova
Parizvino, zvinowedzerwa zvekudya zvave zvichishandiswa zvakanyanya mumunda wezvekudya, zvine mhando dzakasiyana-siyana uye mashandisirwo akasiyana. Kune mhando makumi maviri nematatu dzezvinowedzerwa zvekudya muChina, uye mhando dzacho dzasvika dzinopfuura 2000, uye kushandiswa kwacho kwakawedzera gore negore [6]. Zvinowedzerwa zvinoshandiswa mukugadzirisa manoodles zvinosanganisira zvinosimudzira gluten uye kugadzirira ma enzyme (senge α-Amylase), nezvimwewo.
（1） Mhedzisiro yeSimba Rinosimbisa Pakuoma KwemaNoodles Matsva Akanyorova
Simba remukanyiwa mutsva wakanyorova rinokanganisa zvakananga kutsenga kwawo kusvika pamwero wakati. Gluten enhancer rudzi rwechikafu chinogona kusanganiswa neprotein kuti chiwedzere kushanda kwegluten uye kuchengetedza gasi. Saka, gluten enhancer inobatsira kuvandudza kutsenga kwemanoodles matsva akanyorova.
1. Hupfu hwegluten
Gluten yegorosi, inozivikanwawo se active gluten, chigadzirwa cheupfu chinowanikwa kubva kugorosi nekuomesa, kupwanya uye mamwe maitiro mushure mekunge starch nezvimwe zvinhu zvinonyungudika mumvura zvasukwa nemvura [7]. Zvikamu zvikuru zveupfu hwegluten iglutenin negliadin, izvo zvine mvura yakawanda, viscoelasticity, extensibility nezvimwe zvinhu. Imushonga wakanaka wekuvandudza mukanyiwa, unoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukugadzira chingwa, manoodles nezvimwe zvigadzirwa zveupfu.
Niu Qiaojuan nevamwe vake [8] vakaona kuti kuwedzera 0.8% gluten kunogona kuvandudza kuomarara uye hunhu hwekusunga kwemanoodles, uye kuderedza kurasikirwa kwekubika kwemanoodles. Wu Yang [9] akaenzanisa mhedzisiro yegluten, munyu uye xanthan gum pamhando yekubika uye mhando yepfungwa yefurawa yegorosi yakanyorova kubva pakuona huwandu hwegorosi nembeu yegorosi mufurawa yegorosi yakanyorova.
Ongororo yaWu Yang yakawana kuti network yegluten inoumbwa pakati pegluten negorosi inogona kuvandudza zvakanyanya kugadzikana kwenzvimbo itsva yakanyorova. Kana huwandu hwekuwedzera kwegluten huri 1.5% ~ 2.5%, huwandu hweprotein uye kuongororwa kwenzvimbo itsva yakanyorova zvakavandudzwa zvakanyanya, kunyanya maererano nekutsenga uye kusimba.
Saka, huwandu hwakakodzera hwegluten powder hunogona kuvandudza kunaka kwemanoodles matsva akanyorova kusvika pamwero wakati, kuitira kuti manoodles matsva akanyorova aratidze kutsenga kuri nani.
2. Cassava modified starch, sodium alginate
Starch yemufarinya yakagadziriswa inogona kuwanikwa kuburikidza nekushandura, uye inogona kushandiswa sechinosimbisa, chinosimbisa, chinochengetedza mvura, chinosimudzira kuwedzera, nezvimwewo muindasitiri yechikafu.
Sodium alginate ianionic polysaccharide inotorwa kubva mukelp kana horsetail yebrown algae. Morekuru wayo inoumbwa neβ-D-mannuronic acid (β-Dmannuronic, M) uye α-L-Guluouronic acid (α-L-guluronic, G) inobatanidzwa nekudzvanya makiyi (1-4) [10]. Mhinduro yemvura yesodium alginate ine viscosity yakakura uye ikozvino inoshandiswa se thickener, stabilizer, emulsifier, nezvimwewo zvechikafu.
Mao Rujing [11] akatora hupfu hutsva hwakanyorova sechinangwa chekutsvagisa, uye akadzidza mhedzisiro yezvinogadzirisa mhando nhatu dzakadai secassava modified starch, sodium alginate uye gluten pahunhu hwehupfu hutsva hwakanyorova. Zvakabuda zvakaratidza kuti kana huwandu hwecassava starch hwakagadziriswa hwaive 0.5%, sodium alginate hwaive 0.4% uye gluten hwaive 4%, manoodles matsva akanyorova aive nehunhu hwakanaka. Kushanda kukuru kwaive kwekuti kunyudzwa kwemvura kwemanoodles matsva akanyorova kwakadzikira, ukuwo kuomarara, kusimba uye kutsenga zvakavandudzika.
Zvakabuda zvakaratidza kuti zvinosimbisa gluten (tapioca modified starch, sodium alginate uye gluten) zvakavandudza kutsenga kwemanoodles matsva akanyorova zvakanyanya.
(II) α- Mhedzisiro yeAmylase paKugona Kumedza Manoodles Matsva Akanyorova
Zvichienderana ne α- Hunhu hwe amylase, Shi Yanpei et al. [12] vakadzidza mhedzisiro yehuwandu hwakasiyana hwe α- Mhedzisiro ye amylase pamhando yema noodles matsva akanyorova. Mhedzisiro yacho inoratidza kuti: α- Kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwe amylase hwakawedzerwa, kunyanya kana α- Kana huwandu hwe amylase hwakawedzerwa hwaive 150 mg/L, kuomarara, kutsenga uye mamwe magadzirirwo ema noodles matsva akanyorova zvakavandudzika zvakanyanya, izvo zvakaratidzawo kuti α- Amylase inobatsira kuvandudza kutsenga kwema noodles matsva akanyorova.
2、 Mhedzisiro yeChinese Chestnut Powder paKugona Kutsenga kweFresh Wet Noodles
Chestnut ine mabasa mazhinji ehutano. Ine mafuta asina kuguta akawanda, anogona kudzora mafuta eropa. Kune vanhu vane BP nechirwere chemwoyo, chikafu chakanaka che tonic [13]. Sechinogona kutsiva hupfu hwegorosi, hupfu hwese hwe chestnut hwekuChina hunonyanya kuumbwa nema complex carbohydrates, ane hunhu hwe low glycemic index, gluten free, high protein content [14].
Kuwedzera huwandu hwakakodzera hwehupfu hwechestnut mufomura yemanoodles matsva akanyorova hakungogumiri pakuwedzera mhando dzemanoodles matsva akanyorova, asiwo kuwedzera kukosha kwekudya kwemanoodles matsva akanyorova.
Li Yong nevamwe vake [15] vakaita bvunzo dzekutsvaga kuti hupfu hwechestnut hwakazara hunokanganisa sei kunaka kwemanoodles matsva akanyorova. Zvakabuda zvakaratidza kuti kuomarara, kutsenga uye kunamira kwemanoodles matsva akanyorova kwakawedzera kutanga kwozodzikira nekuwedzera kwehupfu hwechestnut hwese, kunyanya kana huwandu hwehupfu hwechestnut hwasvika 20%, hunhu hwahwo hwakasvika pakakwirira.
Pamusoro pezvo, Li Yong nevamwe [16] vakaita ongororo pamusoro pekugayiwa kwefurawa yechestnut itsva uye yakanyorova mu in vitro. Zvakabuda zvakaratidza kuti: huwandu hwese hwestarch uye huwandu hwestarch inogayiwa mufurawa yechestnut itsva uye yakanyorova pamwe nekuwedzera kwefurawa yechestnut yakazara hwakaderera zvishoma nezvishoma nekuwedzera kwekuwedzera kwefurawa yechestnut yakazara. Kuwedzera kwefurawa yechestnut yakazara kunogona kuderedza zvakanyanya kugayiwa kwestarch uye index yeshuga (GI) yefurawa yechestnut itsva uye yakanyorova. Kana kuwedzerwa kwefurawa yechestnut yakazara kuchipfuura 20%, Zvinogona kushandura hupfu hwegorosi hwakanyorova kubva pachikafu chakakwira cheEGI (EGI>75) kuenda kuchikafu chepakati cheEGI (55).
Kazhinji, huwandu hwakakodzera hweupfu hwechestnut hunogona kuwedzera kutsenga kwemanoodles matsva akanyorova uye kuderedza kugayiwa kwestarch uye indekisi yeshuga yemanoodles matsva akanyorova.
3. Mhedzisiro yeUpfu paKugona Kutsenga kweManoodles Matsva Akanyorova
（1） Hukuru hwezvimedu zvefurawa hunoita kuti hukwanise kutsengwa hwefurawa itsva yakanyorova
Hupfu hwegorosi ndiyo inonyanya kukosha pakugadzira hupfu hutsva hwakanyorova. Hupfu hwegorosi hune mhando dzakasiyana uye hukuru hwezvikamu (hunozivikanwawo sehupfu) hunogona kuwanikwa kuburikidza nekuchenesa, kudiridza, kunyorovesa (kuwana gorosi rakakuyiwa), kukuya nekuongorora (kubvisa ganda, musimboti, masisitimu eslag nemuswe), kusanganisa hupfu, kurongedza nedzimwe nzira, asi maitiro ekukuya achakonzera kukuvara kwechimiro chezvikamu zvestarch [18].
Hukuru hwezviyo zveupfu hwegorosi ndechimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha zvinokanganisa kunaka kwehupfu hutsva hwakanyorova, uye hukuru hwezviyo zveupfu hunoenderana nekunyatsogadzirwa kwahwo.
Qi Jing nevamwe vake [19] vakadzidza uye vakaedza magadzirirwo, manzwiro, muviri uye makemikari efurawa itsva yakanyorova yakagadzirwa nefurawa ine saizi dzakasiyana dzezvikamu. Mhedzisiro yekutsvagisa kwehunhu hwayo inoratidza kuti kuomarara, kutwasuka, kubatana, kutsenga uye kusimba kwefurawa itsva yakanyorova kwakawedzera zvakanyanya nekuwedzera kwehukuru hwezvikamu zvezvikamu zvefurawa, kunyanya hunhu hwehunhu hwefurawa itsva yakanyorova yakagadzirwa nefurawa iri pakati pe160 ~ 180 meshes inosvika pakakwirira.
Zvakabuda zvakaratidza kuti saizi yehupfu hwegorosi ine simba guru pahunhu hwemanoodles matsva akanyorova, izvo zvakakanganisawo zvikuru kutsenga kwemanoodles matsva akanyorova.
（2） Mhedzisiro yefurawa yakaoma inopiswa nekupisa pakutsenga kwefurawa itsva uye yakanyorova
Kurapa hupfu nekupisa kwakaoma hakungogumiri pakuderedza hunyoro muhupfu, kuuraya tupukanana nemazai muhupfu, asiwo kunomisa ma enzymes muhupfu [20]. Zvinhu zvikuru zvinokanganisa hunhu hwekugadzira hupfu mamorekuru egluten nemastarch muhupfu. Kurapa kupisa kwakaoma kunoita kuti gluten ive polymer, nokudaro zvichiva nemhedzisiro yakakura pahunhu hwekugadzira hupfu [21].
Wang Zhizhong [22] akadzidza uye akaedza manoodles matsva uye akanyorova akagadzirwa nefurawa yakaoma uye yakapiswa. Zvakabuda zvakaratidza kuti pasi pemamwe mamiriro ezvinhu, furawa yakaoma uye yakapiswa yaigona kuwedzera kuomarara uye kutsenga kwemanoodles matsva uye akanyorova, uye kuderedza zvishoma kusimba uye kusimba kwemanoodles matsva uye akanyorova. Kuomarara kwayo uye kutsenga kwayo zvakasvika pakakwirira pa120 ℃, uye nguva yakanakisa yekurapa kupisa kwekuoma kwaive maminetsi makumi matanhatu, Nguva yakanakisa yekurapa kupisa yekucheka imaminitsi makumi matatu. Izvi zvakaratidza kuti kutsenga kwefurawa nyowani uye yakanyorova kwakavandudzwa nefurawa yakaoma yekurapa kupisa kusvika pamwero wakati.
4. Mhedzisiro yeYogurt paKutsenga kweNoodles Nyowani Dzichangobva Kunyorova
Yogurt imhando yemukaka unogadzirwa nekuvirisa uye kurimwa kwebhakitiriya re lactic acid. Ine kunaka kwakanaka, ine hutano hwakawanda, iri nyore kugaya uye inonyudza, uye inogona kuvandudza maruva emudumbu uye kudzora mashandiro emudumbu [23].
Yogurt haingochengete chete zvinovaka muviri zvechisikigo zvemukaka mutsva, asiwo inogona kugadzira mavhitamini akasiyana-siyana anodiwa pakudya kwevanhu panguva yekuvirisa, akadai sevhitamini B1, vhitamini B2 uye vhitamini B6. Nekuda kwekuvirisa kwebhakitiriya relactic acid, nepo ichivandudza zvinovaka muviri, inogadzirawo zvimwe zvinhu zvinoshanda mumuviri, zvinogona kudzora mashandiro emuviri zvakanyanya [24].
Li Zhen nevamwe vake [25] vakadzidza neunyanzvi kushandiswa kweyogati mumanoodle matsva akanyorova, uye vakaita ongororo yehunhu hwemanoodle matsva akanyorova akawedzerwa neyogati. Zvakabuda zvakaratidza kuti nekuwedzera kwehuwandu hweyogati hwakawedzerwa, kuomarara uye kutsenga kwemanoodle matsva akanyorova kwakawedzera zvishoma nezvishoma, nepo viscosity, elasticity uye resistance yakaderera zvishoma nezvishoma. Kuomarara uye kutsenga kwemanoodles zvine chekuita nekuravira kwemanoodle. Manoodles ane simba guru rekuchekerera akasimba uye anonyorova [26].
Vakaongorora kuti shanduko iyi inogona kunge yakakonzerwa nezvikonzero zviviri zvinotevera:
Chekutanga, nekuwedzera kwehuwandu hweyogati, huwandu hwemvura inowedzerwa kumanoodle matsva akanyorova hunoderera zvishoma nezvishoma, uye huwandu hushoma hwemvura huchaita kuti mukanyiwa uve wakaoma, saka kuoma kwemanoodle matsva akanyorova kuri kuwedzera;
Chechipiri, kusviba kwemanoodles matsva akanyorova kunoratidza kutsvedzerera kwepamusoro pemanoodles matsva akanyorova. Kusviba kwacho kwakakura, zvidimbu zvestarch zvakawanda zvakabatana pamusoro pemanoodles matsva akanyorova, uye zvinhu zvakawanda zvinobuda musobho panguva yekubika.
Kusviba kwemanoodle matsva akanyorova kwakaderera zvakanyanya mushure mekuwedzera yogati, zvichiratidza kuti kuwedzerwa yogati kunogona kuwedzera kutsetseka kwepamusoro kwemanoodle matsva akanyorova uye kuderedza zvinhu zvinodonhedza muto panguva yekubika, izvo zvaienderana nemhedzisiro yekuti yogati yakaderedza mwero wekurasikirwa nekubika kwemanoodle matsva akanyorova;
Puroteni iri muyogati inowedzera puroteni iri muupfu, uye mafuta ari muyogati anonyatso vandudza simba remanoodle matsva akanyorova, nokudaro zvichivandudza mashandiro ekugadzira manoodle matsva akanyorova uye kunatsiridza kuravira kwemanoodle matsva akanyorova [25]. Nokudaro, yogati yakavandudza kutapira kwemanoodle matsva akanyorova kusvika pamwero wakati, zvichipa vanhu kuravira kuri nani kwemanoodle matsva akanyorova.
Sezvo manoodles matsva akanyorova ari kufarirwa nevatengi, vanhu vanonyanya kutarisisa kunaka kwemanoodles matsva akanyorova. Ongororo dzichangoburwa dzinoratidza kuti kuchine zvimwe zvinokanganisa mumhando yemanoodles matsva akanyorova, kunyanya mukuvandudza kunaka kwemanoodles matsva akanyorova. Saka, maitiro ekuvandudza kutapira, kuravira uye kukosha kwekudya kwemanoodles matsva akanyorova kubva muzvinhu zve tekinoroji yekugadzirisa uye kuvandudza fomura ichiri gwara rekutsvaga kwakawanda mune ramangwana.
Nguva yekutumira: Mbudzi-25-2022