Serudzi rwema noodles, manyoro matsva uye akanyorova ane hunhu hweruvara rutsva uye runyoro, kuravira kwakatsetseka, elasticity, kuravira kwakasimba, hutano uye hutano, uye nyore uye zvine hutsanana kudya.Kuenzaniswa nemanoodle akaomeswa, manyoro uye akanyorova noodles ane zvakanakira kutsva, kuravira kwakanaka, uye yakaderera mutengo wekugadzira [1].Vave vachifarirwa nevanhu nguva dzose, uye marudzi avo ari kuwedzera uye akawanda.Nekudaro, iyo nguva yekuchengetedza yekunaka uye kuravira kwechinyakare nyowani wet noodles kazhinji ipfupi kwazvo.Maitiro ekuvandudza kutsenga kwema noodles matsva pasina kukanganisa hupenyu hwesherufu zvichiri kunetsa.
Mhedzisiro yeKugadzira Tekinoroji pane Masticability yeFresh Wet Noodles
Iyo yechinyakare yekugadzira tekinoroji yemanyoro manyoro ma noodles kazhinji inosanganisira mbishi uye yekubatsira zvinhu pretreatment, kusanganisa mukanyiwa, composite calendering, kugara tembiricha uye humidity rejuvenation (kuibva), kuenderera mberi kwecalendering, kucheka mitsetse, kuomesa nemhepo, sterilization (senge ultraviolet sterilization), kurongedza [ 2] nemamwe maitiro.
1, Mhedzisiro Yenzira Yekusanganisa Noodles paMasticability yeFresh uye Wet Noodles.
Kusanganisa noodles ipfungwa yakakosha mukugadzirwa kwemanyoro manyoro manyoro, uye zvinhu zvakaita senzira, nguva uye kukurumidza kwekusanganiswa kwehupfu zvinotarisa dhigirii rekupararira kwehupfu [3].Unhu hwehupfu hwekusanganiswa kwehupfu hunobata zvakananga kunaka kwemaitiro anotevera uye chigadzirwa chekupedzisira [2].Chishandiso chikuru mushini wekusanganisa mukanyiwa.
Iyo vacuum yeupfu musanganisi ichiri chepamberi chekusanganisa hupfu mumakore achangopfuura.Nekuti iyo vacuum pressure inochengeterwa muupfu mixer, hupfu hwekudziya hunodzivirirwa.Panguva imwecheteyo, mvura yemunyu inoputirwa mumhando yemhute pasi pekumanikidzwa kusina kunaka, uye mvura yemunyu neupfu zvakakwana uye zvakasanganiswa.Mapuroteni ari muupfu anogona kunyatsotora mvura munguva pfupi.Huwandu hwemvura hunowedzerwa hunogona kusvika ku46% kana kupfuura, huchigadzira yakanakisa gluten network, zvichiita kuti ma noodles awedzere kusimba [2].
Li Man et al.[4] yakaita zvimwe zviedzo pakusanganiswa kwevacuum, kunyanya kudzidza mhedzisiro yevacuum uye pamusoro pezvinhu zvemuviri uye kemikari, microstructure uye hunyoro hwema noodles matsva.Mhedzisiro yacho yakaratidza kuti nekuwedzera kwevacuum, hunhu hwema noodles enyoro akagadziridzwa zvakanyanya (P> 0.05), asi apo vacuum yaive 0.08 MPa, maitiro ekugadzirwa kwema noodles matsva aive asina kunaka.Iyo vacuum payaive 0.06 MPa, ma noodles matsva airatidza maitiro emhando yepamusoro.
Pamusoro pezvo, mhedzisiro yekuongorora ma electron microscopy yakaratidza kuti vacuum uye noodles zvakakonzera kuenderera mberi uye compact chimiro chetsva nyoro ma noodles.Zviripachena, tsvakiridzo yavo inoratidza kuti vacuum musanganiswa unovandudza kuoma kwema noodles matsva kusvika pamwero, nekudaro vachivandudza kusimba uye kutsenga kwema noodles matsva.
Mhedzisiro yeMaformula Akasiyana paMasticability yeFresh Wet Noodles
1, Mhedzisiro yeChikafu Zvinowedzera paChewability yeFresh Wet Noodles
Parizvino, zvinowedzera zvekudya zvakashandiswa zvakanyanya mumunda wezvokudya, zvine zvakasiyana-siyana uye zvakasiyana-siyana zvinoshandiswa.Kune 23 mapoka ezvekuwedzera zvekudya muChina, uye marudzi asvika kupfuura 2000, uye kushandiswa kwakawedzera gore negore [6].Izvo zvinowedzera zvinosanganisirwa mukugadzirisa noodles zvinonyanya zvinosanganisira gluten zvinowedzera uye enzyme gadziriro (senge α-Amylase), nezvimwe.
(1) Mhedzisiro Yekusimbisa Agent pane Masticability yeFresh Wet Noodles
Kusimba kwehupfu hutsva hunyoro hunokanganisa zvakananga chewability yayo kune imwe nzvimbo.Gluten enhancer imhando yekuwedzera kwechikafu iyo inogona kubatanidzwa neprotein yekuvandudza gluten kugadzirisa kuita uye kuchengetedza gasi.Naizvozvo, iyo inosimudzira gluten inobatsira kuvandudza kutsenga kwema noodles matsva.
1. Gluten hupfu
Goroti gluten, inozivikanwawo seyakagwinya gluten, chigadzirwa chehupfu chinowanikwa kubva pagorosi nekuomesa, kupwanya uye mamwe maitiro mushure mekunge starch nezvimwe zvinonyungudika nemvura zvasukwa nemvura [7].Izvo zvikamu zvikuru zvehupfu hwe gluten ndeye glutenin uye gliadin, iyo ine mvura yakasimba yekutora, viscoelasticity, extensibility uye mamwe maitiro.Iyo yakanakisa nhanho yekuvandudza, inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukugadzirwa kwechingwa, noodles uye zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvehupfu.
Niu Qiaojuan et al.[8] akawana kuti kuwedzera 0.8% gluten kunogona kuvandudza zvakanyanya kuoma uye kusimba zvimiro zvema noodles, uye kuderedza kurasika kwekubikira kwema noodles.Wu Yang [9] akaenzanisa mhedzisiro ye gluten, munyu uye xanthan chingamu pamhando yekubika uye hunhu hwekunzwa hutsva hwakanyorova hupfu hwegorosi pahwaro hwekutarisa chikamu chegorosi bran uye germ yegorosi muupfu hwakanyorova hwegorosi.
Tsvagiridzo yaWu Yang yekuyedza yakawana kuti iyo gluten network yakaumbwa pakati peguten nehupfu hwegorosi inogona kuvandudza zvakanyanya kugadzikana kwepanyoro pemvura.Kana iyo gluten yekuwedzera huwandu iri 1.5% ~ 2.5%, iyo mapuroteni emukati uye manzwiro ekuongorora emvura nyowani yakagadziridzwa zvakanyanya, kunyanya maererano nekutsenga uye elasticity.
Naizvozvo, huwandu hwakakodzera hwehupfu hwe gluten hunogona kuvandudza mhando yemanyoro akanyorova kusvika pamwero wakati, kuitira kuti manyoro akanyorova anoratidza kutsenga kuri nani.
2. Cassava yakagadziridzwa starch, sodium alginate
Iyo yakagadziridzwa starch yemufarinya inogona kuwanikwa kuburikidza nekugadziridzwa, uye inogona kushandiswa seyakakora, inodzikamisa, inochengetedza mvura, mumiriri wekuwedzera, nezvimwewo muindasitiri yezvekudya.
Sodium alginate is anionic polysaccharide yakatorwa kubva mukelp kana muswe webhiza webrown algae.Iyo molecule inoumbwa ne β- D-mannuronic acid (β- Dmannuronic, M) uye α- L-Guluouronic acid (α- L-guluronic, G) yakabatanidzwa nekutsikirira (1-4) makiyi [10].Iyo aqueous solution yesodium alginate ine high viscosity uye ikozvino inoshandiswa semukobvu, stabilizer, emulsifier, nezvimwewo zvekudya.
Mao Rujing [11] akatora hupfu hunyoro hwakanyorova sechinhu chekutsvagisa, uye akadzidza mhedzisiro yemhando mitatu yekugadziridza senge cassava yakagadziridzwa starch, sodium alginate uye gluten pane magadzirirwo ehupfu hwakanyorova.Mhedzisiro yacho yakaratidza kuti kana zvirimo zvecassava starch zvakagadziridzwa zvaive 0.5%, sodium alginate yaive 0.4% uye gluten yaive 4%, iyo nyowani yakanyorova noodles yaive nehunhu hwakanaka.Basa guru raive rekuti kunyura kwemvura kwema noodles matsva kwakadzikira, ukuwo kuoma, elasticity uye chewability zvakagadziridzwa.
Mhedzisiro yacho yakaratidza kuti iyo composite gluten enhancers (tapioca modified starch, sodium alginate uye gluten) yakavandudza chewability yemanyoro matsva emvura kusvika pamwero mukuru.
(II) α- Mhedzisiro yeAmylase paMasticability yeFresh Wet Noodles
kuve kwakavakirwa pa α- Izvo zvimiro zveamylase, Shi Yanpei et al.[12] akadzidza zvinokonzerwa nehuwandu hwakasiyana hwe-α- Mhedzisiro yeamylase pahutano hwemanyoro matsva emvura.Zvigumisiro zvinoratidza kuti: α- Kuwedzera kwehuwandu hweamylase yakawedzerwa, kunyanya apo α- Apo kuwedzera kweamylase kwaiva 150 mg / L, kuoma, chewiness uye mamwe maitiro ekugadzirwa kwema noodles matsva akavandudzwa zvakanyanya, izvo zvakare. yakaratidza kuti α- Amylase inobatsira kuvandudza kutsenga kwema noodles matsva.
2, Mhedzisiro yeChinese Chestnut Powder paKutsenga kweFresh Wet Noodles
Chestnut ine mabasa mazhinji ehutano.Iine akapfuma unsaturated fatty acids, iyo inogona kugadzirisa ropa lipids.Kune vanhu vane hypertension uye chirwere chemwoyo, chikafu chakanaka che tonic [13].Sechinogona kutsiva hupfu hwegorosi, cheChinese chestnut hupfu huzhinji hunoumbwa nemacarbohydrates akaoma, ane maitiro ezasi glycemic index, gluten isina, high protein content [14].
Kuwedzera huwandu hwakakwana hwehupfu hwechestnut muforoma yemanyoro manyoro manyoro haingogone chete kupfumisa mhando dzema noodles matsva, asiwo kuwedzera kukosha kwehutano hwema noodles matsva.
Li Yong et al.[15] yakaita ongororo yekutsvagisa nezve pesvedzero yehupfu hwechestnut pamhando yema noodles matsva.Zvigumisiro zvakaratidza kuti kuoma, kutsenga uye kunamatira kwema noodles matsva akawedzera kutanga uye akaderera nekuwedzera kwehuwandu hwehupfu hwechestnut kuwedzera, kunyanya apo huwandu hwehupfu hwehupfu hwakawedzera kusvika 20%, maitiro ayo akasvika zvakanakisisa.
Mukuwedzera, Li Yong et al.[16] yakaita chidzidzo pamusoro pe in vitro starch digestibility yehupfu hwechestnut hutsva uye hwakanyorova.Mhedzisiro yacho yakaratidza kuti: iyo yakazara starch yemukati uye digestible starch yehupfu uye yakanyorova chestnut hupfu pamwe nekuwedzerwa kwehupfu hwechestnut hwakaderera zvishoma nezvishoma nekuwedzera kwekuwedzera kwehupfu hwechestnut.Kuwedzerwa kwehupfu hwechestnut hunogona kuderedza zvakanyanya starch digestibility uye shuga index (GI) yehupfu hutsva uye hwakanyorova hwechestnut.Kana iyo yekuwedzera yehupfu hwechestnut ichipfuura 20%, Inogona kushandura hupfu hwegorosi hwakanyorova kubva kune yakakwira EGI chikafu (EGI> 75) kusvika pakati EGI chikafu (55).
Kazhinji, huwandu hwakakodzera hwehupfu hwechestnut hunogona kuvandudza kutsenga kwema noodles matsva uye kuderedza starch digestibility uye index yeshuga yezvinyoro zvinyoro zvinyoro.
3, Mhedzisiro yeFlour paKutsenga kweFresh Wet Noodles
(1) Mhedzisiro yehukuru hwehupfu pakutsenga hupfu hunyoro hunyoro
Hupfu hwegorosi ndiyo inonyanya kukosha yekugadzira hupfu hwakanyorova.Hupfu hwegorosi hune hunhu hwakasiyana uye saizi yemhando (inozivikanwawo sehupfu) inogona kuwanikwa kuburikidza nekuchenesa, kudiridza, kunyorovesa (kuwana gorosi rakagayiwa), kukuya uye kuongorora (kupepeta, musimboti, slag uye muswe masisitimu), kusanganisa hupfu, kurongedza uye. mamwe maitiro, asi nzira yekukuya inokonzeresa kukuvadza kune starch particle chimiro [18].
Ukuru hwezviyo zvehupfu hwegorosi chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha zvinokanganisa hutano hwehupfu hutsva hwakanyorova, uye saizi yehupfu hunoenderana nekugadzirisa kwayo.
Qi Jing et al.[19] akadzidza uye akayedza magadzirirwo, manzwiro, emuviri uye kemikari zvimiro zveupfu hwakanyorova hwakagadzirwa kubva muupfu hune hukuru hwakasiyana.Mhedzisiro yetsvakiridzo yehunhu hwayo hunoratidza kuti kuoma, elasticity, kubatana, kutsenga uye kusimba kwehupfu hutsva hwakanyorova hwakawedzera zvakanyanya nekuwedzera kwehupfu hwehupfu hwemhando, kunyanya hunhu hwehupfu hwakanyorova hwakagadzirwa pakati pe160 ~ 180 meshes inosvika pane zvakanakisa.
Mhedzisiro yacho yakaratidza kuti saizi yehupfu yegorosi ine simba guru pamaitiro ezviyo zvema noodles matsva, izvo zvakakanganisa zvakanyanya kutsenga kwema noodles matsva.
（2） Mhedzisiro yehupfu hwakaomeswa nehupfu pakutsenga hupfu hunyoro uye hunyoro
Kurapa kwakakodzera kwekupisa kwehupfu hakugone chete kuderedza hunyoro huri muupfu, kuuraya tupukanana nemazai muupfu, asiwo kusaita ma enzymes muupfu [20].Zvinhu zvikuru zvinokanganisa hupfu hwekugadzirisa maitiro ndeye gluten protein uye starch mamorekuru muupfu.Dry kupisa kurapwa kuchaita polymerize gluten, nokudaro kuve nekukanganisa kwakakosha paupfu hwekugadzirisa maitiro [21].
Wang Zhizhong [22] akadzidza uye akaedza masahwira manyoro uye akanyorova akagadzirwa nehupfu hwakaoma uye hwakabikwa nekupisa.Mhedzisiro yacho yakaratidza kuti pasi pemamwe mamiriro, hupfu hwakaoma uye hwakagadziriswa kupisa hunogona kuvandudza kuoma uye kutsenga kwema noodles matsva uye akanyorova, uye kuderedza zvishoma kusimba uye kusimba kwemanyoro matsva uye akanyorova.Kuoma kwayo uye chewability kwakasvika pakakwirira pa120 ℃, uye yakanakisa kupisa kupisa nguva yekuomarara yaive maminetsi makumi matanhatu, Iyo yakanakisa kupisa kupisa nguva ye mastication ndeye 30 min.Izvi zvakaratidza kuti chewability yehupfu hutsva uye hwakanyorova hwakagadziridzwa nehupfu hwakaoma hwekupisa kupisa kusvika pamwero.
4, Mhedzisiro yeYogurt paKutsenga kweFresh Wet Noodles
Yogurt imhando yechigadzirwa checurd chinogadzirwa nekuvirisa uye kurimwa kweiyo chaiyo lactic acid mabhakitiriya.Iine kunaka kwakanaka, kukosha kwekudya kwepamusoro, kugaya nyore uye kunwisa, uye inogona kuvandudza maruva emukati uye kutonga basa rematumbo [23].
Yogurt haingochengetedzi zvese zvinovaka muviri zvemukaka mutsva, asi zvakare inogona kuburitsa akasiyana mavhitamini anodiwa pakudya kwevanhu panguva yekuvirisa, senge vhitamini B1, vhitamini B2 uye vhitamini B6.Nekuda kwekuviriswa kwelactic acid mabhakitiriya, nepo ichivandudza chikafu, inoburitsawo zvimwe zvemuviri zvinoshanda, izvo zvinogona zvakanyanya kudzora mabasa emuviri [24].
Li Zhen et al.[25] akadzidza zvine hutsva mashandisirwo eyogati mumanoodles manyoro, uye akaongorora manyorero pamanoodles matsva akawedzerwa neyoghurt.Mhedzisiro yacho yakaratidza kuti nekuwedzera kwehuwandu hweyogati yakawedzerwa, kuoma uye kutsenga kwema noodles matsva zvishoma nezvishoma kwakawedzera, ukuwo viscosity, elasticity uye kusimba zvishoma nezvishoma.Kuoma uye kutsenga kwema noodles zvine hukama nekuravira kwema noodles.Manoodles ane simba guru rekugera akasimba uye anowedzera elastic [26].
Vakaongorora kuti shanduko inogona kukonzerwa nezvikonzero zviviri zvinotevera:
Kutanga, nekuwedzera kwechikamu che yogurt, muwandu wemvura yakawedzerwa kune itsva yakanyorova noodles inoderera zvishoma nezvishoma, uye pasi pemvura yakadzika ichaita kuti mukanyiwa uve wakaoma, saka kuoma kwema noodles matsva ari kuwedzera;
Chechipiri, viscosity yezvinyoro zvinyoro zvinyoro zvinotaridza kutsvedzerera kwepamusoro pezvinyoro zvinyoro zvinyoro.Iyo yakakura viscosity, iyo yakawanda starch zvimedu zvakanamirwa pamusoro pezvinyoro zvinyoro zvinyoro, uye zvimwe zvinhu zvinodonhedza muto panguva yekubika.
Iyo viscosity yema noodles matsva yakadzikira zvakanyanya mushure mekuwedzera yoghurt, zvichiratidza kuti kuwedzera kweyoghurt kunogona kuwedzera kutsvedzereka kwemvura nyowani uye kuderedza zvinhu zvakaburitswa musobho panguva yekubika, izvo zvaienderana nemhedzisiro yekuti yoghurt yakaderedza kurasikirwa kwekubikira. chiyero chezvinyoro zvinyoro zvinyoro;
Protein iri muyogati inowedzera puroteni muupfu, uye mafuta ari muyogati anovandudza simba rema noodles matsva, nekudaro achivandudza mashandiro emuchina wemanodhi akanyorova uye nekuvandudza kuravira kwemanyoro manyoro [25].Naizvozvo, yogati yakavandudza kutsenga kwema noodles matsva kusvika pamwero wakati, ichipa vanhu kuravira kurinani kwemanyoro manyoro.
Sezvo zvinyoro zvinyoro zvinyoro zvichiwedzera kufarirwa nevatengi, vanhu vanobhadhara zvakanyanya uye zvakanyanya kutarisisa kuravira kwemanyoro manyoro.Zvidzidzo zvenguva pfupi yapfuura zvinoratidza kuti pachine zvimwe zvinokanganisa mumhando yemanyoro manyoro, kunyanya mukuvandudza kwekutsenga kwema noodles matsva.Naizvozvo, maitiro ekuvandudza kutsenga, kuravira uye kukosha kwekudya kwema noodles matsva kubva kuzvinhu zvekugadzira tekinoroji uye kuvandudza fomula ichiri kutungamira kwekutsvagisa mune ramangwana.
Nguva yekutumira: Nov-25-2022